Data sources & licences

Everything this map shows was measured, drawn or published by somebody else first. This page lists every third-party work the application uses, the terms its publisher granted, and the credit line they ask for. A machine-readable copy is at /api/licenses.

What we release

• Code: MIT — https://github.com/raffopenssh/5mp
• Derived layers: Our own derived layers (fire trajectories, settlement clusters, deforestation events, geology affinity, traced map linework) are released under CC BY 4.0, except where an input imposes stricter terms — those inherit them (Sentinel-2 cloudless derivatives are CC BY-NC-SA 4.0; OSM-derived features are ODbL).
• 5MP is a non-commercial project (see Impressum). Several imagery and data terms rest on that fact; a commercial deployment must re-license every entry marked 'restricted'.

Terms in one word: open = a named open licence; restricted = usable here under the stated condition; unstated = the publisher granted no licence — we attribute and cite, and you may not redistribute it further on our say-so.

Imagery, basemaps and map sheets

CARTO Basemaps (Dark Matter) restricted

• Publisher: CARTO / OpenStreetMap contributors
• Used for: default dark basemap (proxied via /api/basemap with a server-side key)
• Licence: CARTO Basemaps terms (free tier, attribution required); map data ODbL 1.0
• Attribution: © OpenStreetMap contributors, © CARTO
• Note: 5M tile requests/month free tier in exchange for attribution; the API key stays server-side (srv/basemap.go).

Carte géologique de la République Centrafricaine 1:1,500,000 (1964) restricted

• Publisher: J.-L. Mestraud (coord.); Bureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM) and Royal Museum for Central Africa (RMCA), publishers. Digitised copies: National Library of Australia (nla.obj-2981820452), RMCA geocatalogue (BE-RMCA-EARTHS-004777)
• Used for: CAR geology overlay: our classified vector units and contacts traced from the sheet; the scan itself is not served
• Licence: In copyright. NLA: research or study use of the online copy, other uses by permission. RMCA: © Royal Museum for Central Africa, other restrictions. Not public domain (collective work, 70 years from 1964 publication under French law)
• Attribution: Mestraud, J.-L. (coord.), 1964. Carte géologique de la République Centrafricaine 1:1,500,000. BRGM / Royal Museum for Central Africa. Digitised copy: National Library of Australia nla.obj-2981820452
• Note: Used as a research/study derivative in a non-commercial project; the traced units are our derivative work of the sheet. A permission request to BRGM and RMCA is the outstanding action; until answered this layer stays non-commercial and the scan is not redistributed.

Geological Map of the Sudan 1:2,000,000 (2004) open

• Publisher: Geological Research Authority of the Sudan (GRAS); Government of Sudan, Zenodo record 19150268
• Used for: Sudan geology overlay (classified raster, traced units and contacts)
• Licence: CC BY 4.0
• Attribution: Geological Research Authority of the Sudan (GRAS), 2004; via Zenodo record 19150268

MapLibre demo font glyphs open

• Publisher: MapLibre contributors
• Used for: map label glyphs
• Licence: BSD-3-Clause; fonts under the SIL Open Font License 1.1
• Attribution: MapLibre

Minerogenic Map of Tanzania 1:1,500,000 (2015) and GMIS occurrence register unstated

• Publisher: Geological Survey of Tanzania (GST), Dodoma; GMIS implemented by Beak Consultants GmbH
• Used for: Tanzania geology overlay (units, contacts) and mineral-occurrence reference points
• Licence: Not stated (public WFS; GetCapabilities declares Fees NONE / AccessConstraints NONE)
• Attribution: Geological Survey of Tanzania, Geological and Mineral Information System (GMIS)

Sentinel-2 cloudless 2024 restricted

• Publisher: EOX IT Services GmbH (contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2024)
• Used for: satellite basemap, and the only imagery source of the offline-tiles (MBTiles) builder
• Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 4.0
• Attribution: Sentinel-2 cloudless - https://s2maps.eu by EOX IT Services GmbH (Contains modified Copernicus Sentinel data 2024)
• Note: Free WMTS for non-commercial applications with the attribution above shown legibly near the map. Offline MBTiles built from it carry this attribution and licence in their metadata and inherit NC-SA. Native resolution is 10 m; the WMTS serves to zoom 18, where the builder caps.

Sudan Survey Department 1:250,000 series (1915-1968) open

• Publisher: Sudan Survey Dept., Khartoum; scans by the Library of Congress Geography & Map Division
• Used for: historical map overlay, OCR'd labels and traced linework (Sudan / South Sudan)
• Licence: No known copyright restrictions (Library of Congress rights statement)
• Attribution: Sudan Survey Dept., Khartoum / Library of Congress g8310m.gct00289

Datasets

ACLED (Armed Conflict Location & Event Data) restricted

• Publisher: ACLED
• Used for: coverage-bias check of the geology model only — aggregated ADM1 counts; no ACLED rows are shown or exported
• Licence: ACLED Terms of Use and Attribution Policy
• Attribution: ACLED (Armed Conflict Location & Event Data), acleddata.com, accessed 2026-08
• Cite: Raleigh, C., Kishi, R. & Linke, A. (2023). Political instability patterns are obscured by conflict dataset scope conditions, sources, and coding choices. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications 10, 74. doi:10.1057/s41599-023-01559-4
• Note: Redistribution of event rows is prohibited; our analysis is ours and must not be attributed to ACLED. See docs/agents/acled.md.

Copernicus DEM GLO-90 open

• Publisher: European Space Agency / Airbus, Copernicus Programme
• Used for: elevation for river-basin tracing
• Licence: Copernicus DEM licence (free access, attribution required)
• Attribution: © DLR e.V. 2010-2014 and © Airbus Defence and Space GmbH 2014-2018 provided under COPERNICUS by the European Union and ESA; all rights reserved

Crisis Tracker unstated

• Publisher: Invisible Children
• Used for: mine-site context recovered from public incident reports (geology model evaluation)
• Licence: Not stated; public incident data, cited with access date
• Attribution: Crisis Tracker, a project of Invisible Children, https://crisistracker.org
• Note: Labels and clustering are ours and are not attributed to Crisis Tracker.

FAOLEX restricted

• Publisher: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)
• Used for: legal documents (laws, decrees) per protected area and region — titles and links only
• Licence: FAO terms of use; database content CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO
• Attribution: FAOLEX Database, FAO
• Note: Documents are linked to FAO, not mirrored.

GADM 4.1 administrative areas restricted

• Publisher: GADM / University of California, Davis
• Used for: country and province names for search and the regional legal-document sync
• Licence: GADM licence: free for academic and other non-commercial use; redistribution not permitted
• Attribution: GADM, https://gadm.org
• Note: Names and bounding boxes only; the polygons are not served or exported.

GLAD Global Cropland Extent 2000-2019 open

• Publisher: University of Maryland, GLAD
• Used for: cropland-expansion attribution around settlements
• Licence: CC BY 4.0
• Attribution: Potapov, P. et al. (2021), UMD GLAD
• Cite: Potapov, P. et al. (2021). Global maps of cropland extent and change show accelerated cropland expansion in the twenty-first century. Nature Food 3, 19-28. doi:10.1038/s43016-021-00429-z

Geofabrik OpenStreetMap extracts open

• Publisher: Geofabrik GmbH / OpenStreetMap contributors
• Used for: country .osm.pbf extracts for places, roads and mine features
• Licence: ODbL 1.0
• Attribution: © OpenStreetMap contributors

Global Forest Watch integrated deforestation alerts (GLAD-L, GLAD-S2, RADD) open

• Publisher: World Resources Institute / UMD GLAD / Wageningen University
• Used for: near-real-time deforestation alerts
• Licence: CC BY 4.0
• Attribution: Global Forest Watch, World Resources Institute; GLAD alerts (Hansen et al. 2016); RADD alerts (Reiche et al. 2021)
• Cite: Reiche, J. et al. (2021). Forest disturbance alerts for the Congo Basin using Sentinel-1. Environmental Research Letters 16, 024005

Global Human Settlement Layer (GHS-BUILT-S, GHS-POP, GHS-SMOD) open

• Publisher: European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC)
• Used for: settlement footprints, built-up surface, population
• Licence: CC BY 4.0 (EU open data)
• Attribution: European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC) — Global Human Settlement Layer
• Cite: Pesaresi, M., Politis, P. (2023). GHS-BUILT-S R2023A. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). doi:10.2905/9F06F36F-4B11-47EC-ABB0-4F8B7B1D72EA

Global Surface Water (transitions, 1984-2021) open

• Publisher: European Commission JRC / Google
• Used for: new-water candidates near settlements
• Licence: Free for any use with attribution (EC JRC/Google)
• Attribution: EC JRC/Google — Global Surface Water
• Cite: Pekel, J.-F., Cottam, A., Gorelick, N., Belward, A.S. (2016). High-resolution mapping of global surface water and its long-term changes. Nature 540, 418-422. doi:10.1038/nature20584

Hansen Global Forest Change v1.11 (2000-2023) open

• Publisher: University of Maryland, Google, USGS, NASA
• Used for: annual tree-cover loss
• Licence: CC BY 4.0
• Attribution: Hansen/UMD/Google/USGS/NASA
• Cite: Hansen, M.C. et al. (2013). High-Resolution Global Maps of 21st-Century Forest Cover Change. Science 342, 850-853. doi:10.1126/science.1244693

HeiGIT global road surface data open

• Publisher: Heidelberg Institute for Geoinformation Technology (HeiGIT) / OpenStreetMap contributors
• Used for: roads with surface and passability
• Licence: ODbL 1.0 (derived from OpenStreetMap)
• Attribution: HeiGIT gGmbH; © OpenStreetMap contributors

HydroRIVERS v1.0 open

• Publisher: HydroSHEDS / WWF
• Used for: river network, distance-to-river for settlements
• Licence: CC BY 4.0
• Attribution: HydroRIVERS, HydroSHEDS (Lehner & Grill 2013)
• Cite: Lehner, B., Grill, G. (2013). Global river hydrography and network routing: baseline data and new approaches to study the world's large river systems. Hydrological Processes 27(15), 2171-2186

ICMM Global Mining Dataset v1.5 unstated

• Publisher: International Council on Mining and Metals
• Used for: industrial mine reference points (geology model evaluation)
• Licence: Not stated (public dataset, attribution expected)
• Attribution: International Council on Mining and Metals, Global Mining Dataset v1.5

IPIS artisanal mining site surveys (CAR, Tanzania) open

• Publisher: International Peace Information Service (IPIS)
• Used for: field-visited mine sites used to score the geology model
• Licence: ODC-BY 1.0 (CAR); not stated for the Tanzania survey
• Attribution: International Peace Information Service (IPIS), open data

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species restricted

• Publisher: International Union for Conservation of Nature
• Used for: species lists per protected area (names, categories, links)
• Licence: IUCN Red List Terms of Use (non-commercial, attribution, no redistribution of the dataset)
• Attribution: IUCN. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. https://www.iucnredlist.org
• Cite: IUCN. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. https://www.iucnredlist.org (version as accessed)

NASA FIRMS active fire data (VIIRS S-NPP / NOAA-20 / NOAA-21, 375 m) open

• Publisher: NASA LANCE / FIRMS, Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS)
• Used for: all fire detections, trajectories and fire narratives
• Licence: NASA Earth science data policy: free, full and open; acknowledgement requested
• Attribution: We acknowledge the use of data from NASA's Fire Information for Resource Management System (FIRMS), part of NASA's Earth Science Data and Information System (ESDIS)
• Cite: NASA FIRMS. VIIRS (S-NPP, NOAA-20, NOAA-21) I Band 375 m Active Fire Product NRT. doi:10.5067/FIRMS/VIIRS/VNP14IMGT_NRT.002

OpenAlex open

• Publisher: OurResearch
• Used for: research publications per protected area
• Licence: CC0 1.0
• Attribution: OpenAlex, https://openalex.org
• Cite: Priem, J., Piwowar, H., Orr, R. (2022). OpenAlex: A fully-open index of scholarly works, authors, venues, institutions, and concepts. arXiv:2205.01833

OpenStreetMap (places, roads, mines via Overpass and extracts) open

• Publisher: OpenStreetMap contributors
• Used for: nearest places, roads, mine features, settlement names
• Licence: ODbL 1.0
• Attribution: © OpenStreetMap contributors
• Note: Exports containing OSM-derived features carry the attribution and remain ODbL (share-alike).

Tearline CAR artisanal mine census (Lobaye Invest permits) unstated

• Publisher: NGA Tearline / William & Mary geoLab
• Used for: imagery-traced mine reference points (geology model evaluation)
• Licence: Not stated (US government publication)
• Attribution: NGA Tearline / geoLab, College of William & Mary, 2021

UCDP Georeferenced Event Dataset (GED) unstated

• Publisher: Uppsala Conflict Data Program, Uppsala University
• Used for: mine-site context from conflict event descriptions (geology model evaluation)
• Licence: Free to use with citation (no formal licence document)
• Attribution: Uppsala Conflict Data Program (UCDP) GED
• Cite: Sundberg, R., Melander, E. (2013). Introducing the UCDP Georeferenced Event Dataset. Journal of Peace Research 50(4), 523-532; plus the current GED release (Davies et al.)

USGS major mineral deposits of Africa (OFR 2005-1294-E) open

• Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey; served via the JRC Africa Knowledge Platform
• Used for: mineral-deposit reference points (geology model evaluation)
• Licence: CC BY 4.0 (AKP); USGS content is US public domain
• Attribution: Taylor, C.D. et al. (2009), USGS Open-File Report 2005-1294-E; JRC Africa Knowledge Platform

VIIRS Black Marble monthly nighttime lights (VNP46A3) open

• Publisher: NASA LAADS DAAC
• Used for: night-light time series at mining and settlement sites (evaluation only)
• Licence: NASA Earth science data policy: free, full and open
• Attribution: NASA Black Marble VNP46A3 (Román et al. 2018)
• Cite: Román, M.O. et al. (2018). NASA's Black Marble nighttime lights product suite. Remote Sensing of Environment 210, 113-143

World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA) / Protected Planet restricted

• Publisher: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN
• Used for: protected-area boundaries, names, designations and search index
• Licence: Protected Planet Terms and Conditions (non-commercial use, attribution, no redistribution of the dataset)
• Attribution: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN (2026), Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA), Cambridge, UK: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN. www.protectedplanet.net
• Cite: UNEP-WCMC and IUCN (2026). Protected Planet: The World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). Cambridge, UK
• Note: Boundaries of the monitored areas are displayed and included in per-area exports with this attribution; the WDPA as a whole is not redistributed.

geoBoundaries (gbOpen) ADM1 open

• Publisher: William & Mary geoLab
• Used for: ADM1 units for the ACLED coverage aggregation
• Licence: CC BY 4.0 (gbOpen)
• Attribution: geoBoundaries, William & Mary geoLab (Runfola et al. 2020)
• Cite: Runfola, D. et al. (2020). geoBoundaries: A global database of political administrative boundaries. PLoS ONE 15(4): e0231866. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231866

Software

Lucide icons 0.577.0 open

• Publisher: Lucide contributors
• Used for: UI icon font
• Licence: ISC
• Attribution: Lucide

MapLibre GL JS 4.1.2 open

• Publisher: MapLibre contributors
• Used for: interactive globe and map rendering
• Licence: BSD-3-Clause
• Attribution: MapLibre

Python pipeline: numpy, pandas, scipy, scikit-learn, shapely, geopandas, fiona, pyproj, GDAL open

• Publisher: respective projects
• Used for: offline data pipelines (fire trajectories, settlement clustering, rasters)
• Licence: BSD-3-Clause / MIT
• Attribution: see requirements.txt

modernc.org/sqlite (SQLite transpiled to Go) open

• Publisher: Jan Mercl / SQLite authors
• Used for: database engine
• Licence: BSD-3-Clause; SQLite itself is public domain
• Attribution: modernc.org/sqlite

xlsx-js-style 1.2.0 (SheetJS Community Edition fork) open

• Publisher: SheetJS LLC and contributors
• Used for: Excel report export (loaded on demand)
• Licence: Apache-2.0
• Attribution: SheetJS